ꯕ꯭ꯂꯦꯛ ꯑꯣꯛꯁꯤꯗꯦꯠ ꯐ꯭ꯂꯦꯉ꯭ꯛ ꯕꯣꯜꯇꯁꯤꯡ .
ꯁ꯭ꯠꯌꯥꯟꯗꯥꯔꯗ: ꯑꯥꯏ.ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯑꯣ.꯱꯵꯰꯷꯲ ꯂꯩ꯫
ꯊ꯭ꯔꯦꯗ ꯃꯈꯜ: ꯐꯥꯏꯟ ꯊ꯭ꯔꯦꯗ / ꯄꯥꯔꯁꯤꯑꯦꯜ ꯊ꯭ꯔꯦꯗ
ꯄꯣꯠꯂꯝ: ꯕ꯭ꯂꯦꯛ ꯑꯣꯛꯁꯤꯗꯦꯠ ꯐ꯭ꯂꯦꯉ꯭ꯛ ꯕꯣꯜꯇꯁꯤꯡ .
ꯃꯁꯤꯗꯁꯨ ꯃꯃꯤꯡ ꯊꯣꯅꯈꯤ: ꯐ꯭ꯂꯦꯉ꯭ꯛ ꯑꯦꯂꯦꯟ ꯍꯦꯗ ꯕꯣꯜꯇ
ꯃꯆꯥꯛ: ꯀꯥꯔꯕꯣꯟ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯜ .
ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯄꯔꯇꯤ ꯀ꯭ꯂꯥꯁ: ꯸.꯸, ꯹.꯸, ꯱꯰.꯹, ꯱꯲.꯹.
ꯗꯥꯏꯃꯦꯠꯔꯤꯛ: ꯑꯦꯃ꯸, ꯑꯦꯃ꯱꯰, ꯑꯦꯃ꯱꯲, (ꯑꯦꯝ.꯱꯴), ꯑꯦꯃ꯱꯶꯫
ꯐꯤꯅꯤꯁ: ꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯟ, ꯕ꯭ꯂꯦꯛ ꯑꯣꯛꯁꯥꯏꯗ, ꯖꯤꯉ꯭ꯛ ꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ, ꯍꯣꯠ ꯗꯤꯞꯄꯤꯡ ꯒ꯭ꯌꯥꯂꯚꯥꯅꯥꯏꯖꯗ, ꯑꯣꯛꯁꯤꯖꯦꯟ, ꯗꯥꯛꯔꯣꯃꯦꯠ, ꯐꯣꯁꯐꯦꯇꯤꯡ, ꯀꯦꯗꯃꯤꯌꯝ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯠꯔꯣꯞꯂꯦꯠ, ꯅꯤꯀꯜ ꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ
ꯍꯦꯗ ꯃꯈꯜ: ꯍꯦꯛꯁꯥꯒꯟ ꯍꯦꯗ
ꯗ꯭ꯔꯥꯏꯚ ꯃꯈꯜ: ꯃꯄꯥꯅꯒꯤ ꯍꯦꯛꯁ
ꯑꯦꯝ.ꯑꯣ.ꯀ꯭ꯌꯨ.: ꯱꯰꯰꯰ꯀꯤ.ꯒ꯭ꯔꯥ.
ꯂꯤꯗ ꯇꯥꯏꯝ: ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠ ꯳꯰ꯗꯒꯤ ꯶꯰ ꯐꯥꯑꯣꯕꯥ
ꯄꯣꯠꯊꯣꯛ ꯄꯨꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ .
ꯑꯦ.ꯋꯥꯏ.ꯑꯦ.ꯐꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯅꯔꯁ (ꯑꯩꯆ.ꯏ.ꯕꯤ.ꯏ.) ꯀꯣ., ꯂꯤꯃꯤꯇꯦꯗ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯆꯥꯏꯅꯥꯗꯥ ꯕ꯭ꯂꯦꯛ ꯑꯣꯛꯁꯥꯏꯗ ꯐ꯭ꯂꯦꯉ꯭ꯛ ꯕꯣꯜꯇꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯄꯔꯤꯌꯦꯟꯁ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯃꯦꯟꯌꯨꯐꯦꯀꯆꯔꯔꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯞꯂꯥꯏꯌꯔꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯛꯇꯥ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯐꯦꯛꯇꯔꯤꯗꯒꯤ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯆꯥꯏꯅꯥꯗꯥ ꯁꯥꯕꯥ ꯑꯋꯥꯡꯕꯥ ꯊꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯕ꯭ꯂꯦꯛ ꯑꯣꯛꯁꯥꯏꯗ ꯐ꯭ꯂꯦꯉ꯭ꯛ ꯕꯣꯜꯇꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯧꯕꯤꯌꯨ꯫ ꯃꯃꯜ ꯀꯟꯁꯂꯇꯦꯁꯅꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯒꯥ ꯄꯥꯎ ꯐꯥꯑꯣꯅꯕꯤꯌꯨ꯫
ꯀꯁ꯭ꯇꯃꯁ ꯐꯥꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯅꯤꯡ ꯁꯣꯂꯨꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯥꯂꯦꯃꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯁꯞꯂꯥꯏꯌꯔ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ, ꯑꯦ.ꯋꯥꯏ.ꯑꯦ.ꯒꯤ ꯁꯔꯕꯤꯁ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯁꯦꯁ ꯑꯁꯤꯁꯨ ꯑꯥꯌꯥꯒꯤ ꯄꯣꯠꯊꯣꯀꯁꯤꯡꯒꯥ ꯆꯥꯡꯗꯝꯅꯕꯗꯥ ꯀꯁ꯭ꯇꯃꯔꯁꯤꯡꯒꯥ ꯅꯛꯅꯅꯥ ꯂꯩ꯫ ꯁꯔꯚꯤꯁꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯇꯨꯡ ꯏꯟꯅꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯕꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯐꯣꯡꯗꯣꯀꯄꯗꯒꯤ, ꯑꯦ.ꯋꯥꯏ.ꯑꯦ.ꯅꯥ ꯈꯨꯗꯛꯇꯥ ꯀꯁ꯭ꯇꯃꯔꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯀꯄꯥ ꯐꯥꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯅꯤꯡ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯕ꯭ꯂꯦꯝ ꯑꯃꯠꯇꯥ ꯁꯣꯜꯕ ꯇꯧꯕꯗꯥ ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯄꯥꯡꯅꯕꯥ, ꯀꯁ꯭ꯇꯃꯔꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯋꯥꯈꯜ ꯋꯥꯕꯥ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯀꯣꯀꯍꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯍꯣꯠꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯠꯇꯥ ꯌꯥꯑꯣꯔꯣꯏ꯫
ꯄꯣꯠꯊꯣꯛ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯃꯌꯦꯛ ꯁꯦꯡꯅꯥ ꯇꯥꯀꯄꯥ
ꯄꯣꯠꯊꯣꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯃꯤꯡ | ꯕ꯭ꯂꯦꯛ ꯑꯣꯛꯁꯤꯗꯦꯠ ꯐ꯭ꯂꯦꯉ꯭ꯛ ꯕꯣꯜꯇꯁꯤꯡ . |
ꯃꯗꯨꯁꯨ ꯃꯃꯤꯡ ꯊꯣꯅꯈꯤ | ꯐ꯭ꯂꯦꯡ ꯑꯦꯂꯦꯟ ꯍꯦꯗ ꯕꯣꯜꯇ |
ꯃꯆꯥꯛ | ꯀꯥꯔꯕꯣꯟ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯜ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯦꯟ. |
ꯊꯥꯛ | ꯑꯥꯏ.ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯑꯣ.꯱꯵꯰꯷꯲ ꯂꯩ꯫ |
ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯄꯔꯇꯤ ꯀ꯭ꯂꯥꯁꯇꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯌꯨ.ꯑꯦꯁ. | 8.8, 9.8, 10.9, 12.9 |
ꯗꯥꯏꯃꯦꯠꯔꯤꯛ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ . | M8, M10, M12, (M14), M16 |
ꯂꯣꯏꯁꯤꯟꯕ | ꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯟ, ꯕ꯭ꯂꯦꯛ ꯑꯣꯛꯁꯥꯏꯗ, ꯖꯤꯉ꯭ꯛ ꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ, ꯍꯣꯠ ꯗꯤꯞꯄꯤꯡ ꯒ꯭ꯌꯥꯂꯚꯥꯅꯥꯏꯖꯗ, ꯑꯣꯛꯁꯤꯖꯦꯟ, ꯗꯥꯛꯔꯣꯃꯦꯠ, ꯐꯣꯁꯐꯦꯇꯤꯡ, ꯀꯦꯗꯃꯤꯌꯝ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯠꯔꯣꯞꯂꯦꯠ, ꯅꯤꯀꯜ ꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ |
ꯍꯦꯗ ꯇꯥꯏꯞ ꯴. | ꯍꯦꯛꯁꯥꯒꯟ ꯍꯦꯗ ꯴. |
ꯗ꯭ꯔꯥꯏꯕ ꯃꯈꯜ ꯑꯁꯤ . | ꯃꯄꯥꯅꯒꯤ ꯍꯦꯛꯁ . |
ꯊ꯭ꯔꯦꯗ ꯃꯈꯜ | ꯐꯥꯏꯟ ꯊ꯭ꯔꯦꯗ / ꯄꯥꯔꯁꯤꯑꯦꯜ ꯊ꯭ꯔꯦꯗ . |
ꯗꯥꯏꯃꯦꯟꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯇꯦꯕꯜ .
| ꯁ꯭ꯛꯔꯨ ꯊ꯭ꯔꯦꯗ | M8 | M10 | M12 | (M14) | M16 | |||
| d | ||||||||
| P | ꯍꯨꯟꯅꯕ | ꯐꯥꯏꯟ ꯊ꯭ꯔꯦꯗ, ꯱. | 1 | 1 | 1.25 | 1.5 | 1.5 | |
| ꯐꯥꯏꯟ ꯊ꯭ꯔꯦꯗ, ꯲. | / | 1.25 | 1.5 | / | / | |||
| a | ꯃꯦꯛꯁ ꯳. | 3 | 3 | 4.5 | 4.5 | 4.5 | ||
| ꯃꯤꯟ ꯃꯤꯟ . | 1 | 1 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | |||
| b | l ꯱꯲꯵ꯗꯒꯤ ꯇꯥꯕꯥ ꯅꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯕꯥ . | 22 | 26 | 30 | 34 | 38 | ||
| ꯱꯲꯵!l ꯲꯰꯰ꯗꯒꯤ ꯇꯥꯕꯥ ꯅꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯕꯥ . | 28 | 32 | 36 | 40 | 44 | |||
| L＞200 | / | / | / | / | 57 | |||
| c | ꯃꯤꯟ ꯃꯤꯟ . | 1.2 | 1.5 | 1.8 | 2.1 | 2.4 | ||
| da | ꯃꯦꯛꯁ ꯳. | ꯇꯥꯏꯞ ꯑꯦꯐ . | 9.2 | 11.2 | 13.7 | 15.7 | 17.7 | |
| ꯇꯥꯏꯞ ꯌꯨ . | 10 | 12.5 | 15.2 | 17.7 | 20.5 | |||
| dc | ꯃꯦꯛꯁ ꯳. | 17 | 20.8 | 24.7 | 28.6 | 32.8 | ||
| ds | ꯃꯦꯛꯁ ꯳. | 8 | 10 | 12 | 14 | 16 | ||
| ꯃꯤꯟ ꯃꯤꯟ . | 7.78 | 9.78 | 11.73 | 13.73 | 15.73 | |||
| du | ꯃꯦꯛꯁ ꯳. | 8.8 | 10.8 | 12.8 | 14.8 | 17.2 | ||
| dw | ꯃꯤꯟ ꯃꯤꯟ . | 14.9 | 18.7 | 22.5 | 26.4 | 30.6 | ||
| e | ꯃꯤꯟ ꯃꯤꯟ . | 10.95 | 14.26 | 16.5 | 19.86 | 23.15 | ||
| k | ꯃꯦꯛꯁ ꯳. | 8.5 | 9.7 | 12.1 | 12.9 | 15.2 | ||
| k1 | ꯃꯤꯟ ꯃꯤꯟ . | 3.8 | 4.3 | 5.4 | 5.6 | 6.8 | ||
| f | ꯃꯦꯛꯁ ꯳. | 2.1 | 2.1 | 2.1 | 2.1 | 3.2 | ||
| r1 | ꯃꯤꯟ ꯃꯤꯟ . | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0.6 | ||
| r2 | ꯃꯦꯛꯁ ꯳. | 0.5 | 0.6 | 0.7 | 0.9 | 1 | ||
| r3 | ꯃꯦꯛꯁ ꯳. | 0.36 | 0.45 | 0.54 | 0.63 | 0.72 | ||
| ꯃꯤꯟ ꯃꯤꯟ . | 0.16 | 0.2 | 0.24 | 0.28 | 0.32 | |||
| r4 | ꯔꯦꯐ. | 5.7 | 5.7 | 5.7 | 5.7 | 8.8 | ||
| s | ꯃꯦꯛꯁ ꯳. | 10 | 13 | 15 | 18 | 21 | ||
| ꯃꯤꯟ ꯃꯤꯟ . | 9.78 | 12.73 | 14.73 | 17.73 | 20.67 | |||
| V | ꯃꯦꯛꯁ ꯳. | 0.25 | 0.3 | 0.35 | 0.45 | 0.5 | ||
| ꯃꯤꯟ ꯃꯤꯟ . | 0.1 | 0.15 | 0.15 | 0.2 | 0.25 | |||
ꯄ꯭ꯔꯗꯛꯇꯀꯤ ꯑꯀꯨꯞꯄꯥ ꯃꯔꯣꯂꯁꯤꯡ
ꯄꯣꯠꯊꯣꯛ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯀꯥꯟꯅꯕꯥ .
ꯕ꯭ꯂꯦꯛ ꯑꯣꯛꯁꯤꯗꯦꯠ ꯐ꯭ꯂꯦꯉ꯭ꯛ ꯕꯣꯜꯇꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯀꯥꯟꯅꯕꯁꯤꯡ
1. ꯕ꯭ꯂꯦꯛ ꯑꯣꯛꯁꯤꯗꯦꯠ ꯐ꯭ꯂꯦꯉ꯭ꯛ ꯁ꯭ꯛꯔꯨꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯊꯛꯇꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯇꯦꯛꯅꯤꯀꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄꯥ ꯃꯈꯂꯁꯤꯡꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯅꯦꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯃꯜ ꯂꯩ꯫
2. ꯃꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯐꯉ꯭ꯀꯁꯟ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯥ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯑꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄꯥ ꯒ꯭ꯌꯥꯂꯚꯥꯅꯥꯏꯖꯤꯡ ꯃꯈꯂꯁꯤꯡꯒꯥ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯗꯕꯥ ꯑꯈꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯂꯩ꯫
3. ꯃꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯃꯀꯣꯛ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯦꯇꯦꯆ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯑꯥꯏꯇꯦꯃꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯛꯇꯥ ꯑꯍꯦꯅꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯁꯛ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯗꯦ꯫
4. ꯐ꯭ꯂꯦꯉ꯭ꯛ ꯃꯈꯜ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯁꯣꯂꯤꯗ ꯑꯣꯏꯍꯟꯅꯕꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯑꯉꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯇꯣꯔꯛ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫
꯵.ꯑꯦ.ꯋꯥꯏ.ꯑꯦ.ꯗꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯗꯛꯇ ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯄꯔꯇꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯦꯖꯨꯀꯦꯠ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯀ꯭ꯌꯨ.ꯁꯤ.ꯒꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯥꯐꯁꯤꯡ ꯌꯥꯑꯣꯕꯥ ꯑꯄꯨꯅꯕꯥ ꯀ꯭ꯌꯨ.ꯁꯤ.
꯶.ꯑꯦ.ꯋꯥꯏ.ꯑꯦ.ꯅꯥ ꯃꯃꯥꯡ ꯆꯍꯤꯗꯥ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯃꯥꯂꯦꯝ ꯁꯤꯅꯕꯥ ꯊꯨꯡꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯀꯟꯖꯨꯃꯔꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯕ꯭ꯔꯥꯟꯗ ꯱꯰꯰ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ-ꯑꯅꯧꯕꯥ ꯕꯣꯜꯇꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯦꯃꯈ꯭ꯔꯦ꯫
ꯀ꯭ꯕꯥꯂꯤꯇꯤ ꯏꯟꯁꯄꯦꯛꯁꯟ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ
ꯄꯦꯀꯦꯖꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯟꯇꯦꯅꯔ ꯂꯣꯗꯤꯡ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ
ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕꯒꯤ ꯁꯤꯅꯥꯔꯤꯑꯣꯁꯤꯡ .
ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯑꯌꯥ ꯈꯅꯕꯒꯦ?
ꯑꯦ.ꯋꯥꯏ.ꯑꯦ.ꯅꯥ ꯆꯍꯤ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯥꯂꯦꯝ ꯄꯨꯝꯕꯗꯒꯤ 1000+ ꯃꯦꯝꯕꯔꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯛꯂꯨꯁꯤꯕ ꯁꯔꯕꯤꯁꯁꯤꯡ ꯄꯤꯔꯤ, ꯑꯈꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯆꯦꯟ ꯁꯔꯚꯤꯁ ꯁꯣꯂꯨꯁꯟ ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯝ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯒꯥ, ꯑꯗꯣꯝꯅꯥ ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯛꯂꯨꯁꯤꯕ ꯐꯥꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯅꯤꯡ ꯁꯣꯂꯨꯁꯟ ꯐꯪꯅꯕꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯃꯥꯎꯁ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯀ꯭ꯂꯤꯛ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯈꯛꯇꯃꯛ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯏ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ-ꯗꯣꯔ ꯁꯔꯚꯤꯁꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯗꯣꯔ- ꯅꯨꯡꯉꯥꯏꯅꯕꯥ ꯈꯛꯇꯃꯛ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯏ꯫
ꯍꯠ ꯇꯦꯒꯁ: ꯕ꯭ꯂꯦꯛ ꯑꯣꯛꯁꯥꯏꯗ ꯐ꯭ꯂꯦꯉ꯭ꯛ ꯕꯣꯜꯇꯁꯤꯡ, ꯆꯥꯏꯅꯥ, ꯁꯞꯂꯥꯏꯌꯔꯁꯤꯡ, ꯃꯦꯟꯌꯨꯐꯦꯀꯆꯔꯔꯁꯤꯡ, ꯐꯦꯛꯇꯔꯤ, ꯌꯣꯅꯕꯥ, ꯃꯃꯜ, ꯌꯣꯅꯕꯥ, ꯆꯥꯏꯅꯥꯗꯥ ꯁꯥꯕꯥ
ꯏꯅꯐꯣꯔꯃꯦꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯠꯇꯥ ꯂꯩꯇꯦ
