ꯑꯣꯚꯜ ꯅꯦꯛ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯦꯛ ꯕꯣꯜꯇꯁꯤꯡ .
ꯁ꯭ꯠꯌꯥꯟꯗꯥꯔꯗ: ꯗꯤ.ꯑꯥꯏ.ꯑꯦꯟ.꯵꯹꯰꯳-꯱.
ꯊ꯭ꯔꯦꯗ ꯃꯈꯜ: ꯑꯀꯪꯕꯥ ꯊ꯭ꯔꯦꯗ, ꯄꯥꯔꯁꯤꯑꯦꯜ ꯊ꯭ꯔꯦꯗ
ꯄꯣꯠꯂꯝ: ꯑꯣꯚꯜ ꯅꯦꯛ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯦꯛ ꯕꯣꯜꯇꯁꯤꯡ
ꯃꯁꯤꯗꯁꯨ ꯃꯃꯤꯡ ꯊꯣꯅꯈꯤ: ꯔꯥꯎꯟꯗ ꯍꯦꯗ ꯃꯦꯁꯤꯟ ꯕꯣꯜꯇ
ꯃꯆꯥꯛ: ꯀꯥꯔꯕꯣꯟ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯜ .
ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯄꯔꯇꯤ ꯀ꯭ꯂꯥꯁ: ꯴.꯶, ꯵.꯶.
ꯗꯥꯏꯃꯦꯠꯔꯤꯛ: ꯑꯦꯃ꯱꯰, ꯑꯦꯃ꯱꯲, ꯑꯦꯃ꯱꯶, ꯑꯦꯃ꯲꯰, ꯑꯦꯃ꯲꯲꯫
ꯐꯤꯅꯤꯁ: ꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯟ, ꯕ꯭ꯂꯦꯛ ꯑꯣꯛꯁꯥꯏꯗ, ꯖꯤꯉ꯭ꯛ ꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ, ꯍꯣꯠ ꯗꯤꯞꯄꯤꯡ ꯒ꯭ꯌꯥꯂꯚꯥꯅꯥꯏꯖꯗ, ꯑꯣꯛꯁꯤꯖꯦꯟ, ꯗꯥꯛꯔꯣꯃꯦꯠ, ꯐꯣꯁꯐꯦꯇꯤꯡ, ꯀꯦꯗꯃꯤꯌꯝ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯠꯔꯣꯞꯂꯦꯠ, ꯅꯤꯀꯜ ꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ
ꯍꯦꯗ ꯃꯈꯜ: ꯒꯣꯜꯗ ꯍꯦꯗ
ꯍꯦꯗ ꯗꯤꯇꯦꯂꯁ: ꯑꯣꯚꯜ ꯅꯦꯛꯀꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ
ꯑꯦꯝ.ꯑꯣ.ꯀ꯭ꯌꯨ.: ꯱꯰꯰꯰ꯀꯤ.ꯒ꯭ꯔꯥ.
ꯂꯤꯗ ꯇꯥꯏꯝ: ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠ ꯳꯰ꯗꯒꯤ ꯶꯰ ꯐꯥꯑꯣꯕꯥ
ꯄꯣꯠꯊꯣꯛ ꯄꯨꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ .
ꯑꯌꯥ ꯐꯥꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯅꯔꯁ (ꯑꯩꯆ.ꯏ.ꯕꯤ.ꯏ.) ꯀꯣ., ꯂꯤꯃꯤꯇꯦꯗ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯆꯥꯏꯅꯥꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯚꯜ ꯅꯦꯛ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯦꯛ ꯕꯣꯜꯇꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯄꯔꯤꯌꯦꯟꯁ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯃꯦꯟꯌꯨꯐꯦꯀꯆꯔꯔꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯞꯂꯥꯏꯌꯔꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯛꯇꯥ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯆꯥꯅꯕꯤꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯐꯦꯛꯇꯔꯤꯗꯒꯤ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯆꯥꯏꯅꯥꯗꯥ ꯁꯥꯕꯥ ꯑꯋꯥꯡꯕꯥ ꯊꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯑꯣꯚꯔꯑꯣꯜ ꯅꯦꯛ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯦꯛ ꯕꯣꯜꯇꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯧꯕꯤꯌꯨ꯫ ꯃꯃꯜ ꯀꯟꯁꯂꯇꯦꯁꯅꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯒꯥ ꯄꯥꯎ ꯐꯥꯑꯣꯅꯕꯤꯌꯨ꯫

ꯀꯁ꯭ꯇꯃꯁ ꯐꯥꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯅꯤꯡ ꯁꯣꯂꯨꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯥꯂꯦꯃꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯁꯞꯂꯥꯏꯌꯔ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ, ꯑꯦ.ꯋꯥꯏ.ꯑꯦ.ꯒꯤ ꯁꯔꯕꯤꯁ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯁꯦꯁ ꯑꯁꯤꯁꯨ ꯑꯥꯌꯥꯒꯤ ꯄꯣꯠꯊꯣꯀꯁꯤꯡꯒꯥ ꯆꯥꯡꯗꯝꯅꯕꯗꯥ ꯀꯁ꯭ꯇꯃꯔꯁꯤꯡꯒꯥ ꯅꯛꯅꯅꯥ ꯂꯩ꯫ ꯁꯔꯚꯤꯁꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯇꯨꯡ ꯏꯟꯅꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯕꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯐꯣꯡꯗꯣꯀꯄꯗꯒꯤ, ꯑꯦ.ꯋꯥꯏ.ꯑꯦ.ꯅꯥ ꯈꯨꯗꯛꯇꯥ ꯀꯁ꯭ꯇꯃꯔꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯀꯄꯥ ꯐꯥꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯅꯤꯡ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯕ꯭ꯂꯦꯝ ꯑꯃꯠꯇꯥ ꯁꯣꯜꯕ ꯇꯧꯕꯗꯥ ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯄꯥꯡꯅꯕꯥ, ꯀꯁ꯭ꯇꯃꯔꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯋꯥꯈꯜ ꯋꯥꯕꯥ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯀꯣꯀꯍꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯍꯣꯠꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯠꯇꯥ ꯌꯥꯑꯣꯔꯣꯏ꯫
ꯄꯣꯠꯊꯣꯛ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯃꯌꯦꯛ ꯁꯦꯡꯅꯥ ꯇꯥꯀꯄꯥ
ꯄꯣꯠꯊꯣꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯃꯤꯡ | ꯑꯣꯚꯜ ꯅꯦꯛ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯦꯛ ꯕꯣꯜꯇꯁꯤꯡ . |
ꯃꯗꯨꯁꯨ ꯃꯃꯤꯡ ꯊꯣꯅꯈꯤ | ꯔꯥꯎꯟꯗ ꯍꯦꯗ ꯃꯦꯁꯤꯟ ꯕꯣꯜꯇ . |
ꯃꯆꯥꯛ | ꯀꯥꯔꯕꯣꯟ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯜ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯦꯟ. |
ꯊꯥꯛ | ꯗꯤ.ꯑꯥꯏ.ꯑꯦꯟ.꯵꯹꯰꯳-꯱. |
ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯄꯔꯇꯤ ꯀ꯭ꯂꯥꯁꯇꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯌꯨ.ꯑꯦꯁ. | 4.6, 5.6 |
ꯗꯥꯏꯃꯦꯠꯔꯤꯛ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ . | M10, M12, M16, M20, M22 |
ꯂꯣꯏꯁꯤꯟꯕ | ꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯟ, ꯕ꯭ꯂꯦꯛ ꯑꯣꯛꯁꯥꯏꯗ, ꯖꯤꯉ꯭ꯛ ꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ, ꯍꯣꯠ ꯗꯤꯞꯄꯤꯡ ꯒ꯭ꯌꯥꯂꯚꯥꯅꯥꯏꯖꯗ, ꯑꯣꯛꯁꯤꯖꯦꯟ, ꯗꯥꯛꯔꯣꯃꯦꯠ, ꯐꯣꯁꯐꯦꯇꯤꯡ, ꯀꯦꯗꯃꯤꯌꯝ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯠꯔꯣꯞꯂꯦꯠ, ꯅꯤꯀꯜ ꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ |
ꯍꯦꯗ ꯇꯥꯏꯞ ꯴. | ꯔꯥꯎꯟꯗ ꯍꯦꯗ ꯴. |
ꯍꯦꯗꯀꯤ ꯑꯀꯨꯞꯄꯥ ꯃꯔꯣꯂꯁꯤꯡ . | ꯑꯣꯚꯜ ꯅꯦꯛꯀꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ . |
ꯊ꯭ꯔꯦꯗ ꯃꯈꯜ | ꯑꯀꯪꯕꯥ ꯊ꯭ꯔꯦꯗ, ꯄꯥꯔꯁꯤꯑꯦꯜ ꯊ꯭ꯔꯦꯗ |
ꯗꯥꯏꯃꯦꯟꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯇꯦꯕꯜ .

| ꯊ꯭ꯔꯦꯗ ꯁꯥꯏꯖ ꯴. | M10 | M12 | M16 | M20 | M22 | |
| d | ||||||
| P | ꯍꯨꯟꯅꯕ | 1.5 | 1.75 | 2 | 2.5 | 2.5 |
| b | ꯃꯤꯟ=ꯅꯣꯃꯤꯅꯦꯜ ꯁꯥꯏꯖ | 19 | 21 | 27 | 29 | 34 |
| ꯃꯦꯛꯁ ꯳. | 22 | 24.5 | 31 | 34 | 39 | |
| F | ꯃꯦꯛꯁ ꯳. | 14 | 18 | 22 | 30 | 33 |
| ꯃꯤꯟ ꯃꯤꯟ . | 13.3 | 17.3 | 21.16 | 29.16 | 32 | |
| dk | ꯅꯣꯃꯤꯅꯦꯜ ꯁꯥꯏꯖ ꯴. | 19 | 24 | 30 | 38 | 42 |
| ꯃꯦꯛꯁ ꯳. | 19.65 | 24.65 | 30.65 | 38.8 | 42.8 | |
| ꯃꯤꯟ ꯃꯤꯟ . | 18.35 | 23.35 | 29.35 | 37.2 | 41.2 | |
| k1 | ꯅꯣꯃꯤꯅꯦꯜ ꯁꯥꯏꯖ ꯴. | 5 | 7 | 8 | 10 | 12 |
| ꯃꯦꯛꯁ ꯳. | 5.375 | 7.45 | 8.45 | 10.45 | 12.55 | |
| ꯃꯤꯟ ꯃꯤꯟ . | 4.625 | 6.55 | 7.55 | 9.55 | 11.45 | |
| k | ꯅꯣꯃꯤꯅꯦꯜ ꯁꯥꯏꯖ ꯴. | 6 | 8 | 10 | 12.5 | 14 |
| ꯃꯦꯛꯁ ꯳. | 6.6 | 8.75 | 10.75 | 13.4 | 14.9 | |
| ꯃꯤꯟ ꯃꯤꯟ . | 5.4 | 7.25 | 9.25 | 11.6 | 13.1 | |
| s | ꯅꯣꯃꯤꯅꯦꯜ ꯁꯥꯏꯖ ꯴. | 10 | 12 | 16 | 20 | 22 |
| ꯃꯦꯛꯁ ꯳. | 10.58 | 12.7 | 16.7 | 20.84 | 22.84 | |
| ꯃꯤꯟ ꯃꯤꯟ . | 9.42 | 11.3 | 15.3 | 19.16 | 21.16 | |
ꯄ꯭ꯔꯗꯛꯇꯀꯤ ꯑꯀꯨꯞꯄꯥ ꯃꯔꯣꯂꯁꯤꯡ

ꯄꯣꯠꯊꯣꯛ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯀꯥꯟꯅꯕꯥ .

ꯑꯣꯚꯜ ꯅꯦꯛ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯦꯛ ꯕꯣꯜꯇꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯀꯥꯟꯅꯕꯁꯤꯡ
1. ꯃꯁꯤ ꯃꯈꯜ ꯀꯌꯥꯒꯤ ꯀꯅꯦꯛꯁꯅꯒꯤ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯕꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯟ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯀꯣꯌꯕꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫
2. ꯁꯤꯡꯊꯥꯅꯤꯡꯉꯥꯏ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯐꯦꯁ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯤꯠꯃꯦꯟꯇ ꯇꯦꯛꯅꯤꯛ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯃꯁꯤꯕꯨ ꯑꯦꯟꯇꯤ-ꯔꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯏꯐꯤꯁꯤꯑꯦꯟꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯑꯉꯀꯄꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫
3 .ꯃꯁꯤ ꯙꯥꯇꯨ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯑꯇꯩ ꯄꯣꯠꯂꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯊꯨꯅꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯊꯨꯅꯥ ꯐꯥꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫
4. ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯑꯋꯥꯡꯕꯥ-ꯀ꯭ꯕꯥꯂꯤꯇꯤ ꯃꯆꯥꯀꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯑꯀꯅꯕꯥ ꯇꯦꯝꯄꯦꯔꯦꯆꯔ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯑꯀꯣꯌꯕꯗꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫
꯵.ꯑꯌꯥꯗꯥ ꯑꯗꯣꯝꯅꯥ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯕꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯆꯦꯠꯁꯤꯂꯍꯅꯕꯗꯥ ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯄꯥꯡꯅꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯚꯤꯁ ꯇꯦꯛꯅꯤꯁꯤꯌꯟ ꯵꯰ꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯤ꯫
꯶.ꯑꯌꯥꯅꯥ ꯑꯅꯧꯕꯥ ꯇꯦꯛꯅꯤꯛ ꯗꯤꯕꯦꯂꯄꯃꯦꯟꯇꯀꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯌꯨꯔꯣꯄꯇꯥ ꯑꯍꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯥꯔ.ꯑꯦꯟꯗ.ꯗꯤ.
ꯀ꯭ꯕꯥꯂꯤꯇꯤ ꯏꯟꯁꯄꯦꯛꯁꯟ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ

ꯄꯦꯀꯦꯖꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯟꯇꯦꯅꯔ ꯂꯣꯗꯤꯡ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ

ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕꯒꯤ ꯁꯤꯅꯥꯔꯤꯑꯣꯁꯤꯡ .

ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯑꯌꯥ ꯈꯅꯕꯒꯦ?
ꯑꯦ.ꯋꯥꯏ.ꯑꯦ.ꯅꯥ ꯆꯍꯤ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯥꯂꯦꯝ ꯄꯨꯝꯕꯗꯒꯤ 1000+ ꯃꯦꯝꯕꯔꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯛꯂꯨꯁꯤꯕ ꯁꯔꯕꯤꯁꯁꯤꯡ ꯄꯤꯔꯤ, ꯑꯈꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯆꯦꯟ ꯁꯔꯚꯤꯁ ꯁꯣꯂꯨꯁꯟ ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯝ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯒꯥ, ꯑꯗꯣꯝꯅꯥ ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯛꯂꯨꯁꯤꯕ ꯐꯥꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯅꯤꯡ ꯁꯣꯂꯨꯁꯟ ꯐꯪꯅꯕꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯃꯥꯎꯁ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯀ꯭ꯂꯤꯛ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯈꯛꯇꯃꯛ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯏ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ-ꯗꯣꯔ ꯁꯔꯚꯤꯁꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯗꯣꯔ- ꯅꯨꯡꯉꯥꯏꯅꯕꯥ ꯈꯛꯇꯃꯛ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯏ꯫
ꯍꯠ ꯇꯦꯒꯁ: ꯑꯣꯚꯜ ꯅꯦꯛ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯦꯛ ꯕꯣꯜꯇꯁꯤꯡ, ꯆꯥꯏꯅꯥ, ꯁꯞꯂꯥꯏꯌꯔꯁꯤꯡ, ꯃꯦꯟꯌꯨꯐꯦꯀꯆꯔꯔꯁꯤꯡ, ꯐꯦꯛꯇꯔꯤ, ꯌꯣꯅꯕꯥ, ꯃꯃꯜ, ꯌꯣꯅꯕꯥ, ꯆꯥꯏꯅꯥꯗꯥ ꯁꯥꯕꯥ











