ꯁ꯭ꯂꯣꯠ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯄꯥꯟ ꯍꯦꯗ ꯁ꯭ꯛꯔꯨꯁꯤꯡ .
ꯁ꯭ꯠꯌꯥꯟꯗꯥꯔꯗ: ꯑꯥꯏ.ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯑꯣ.
ꯊ꯭ꯔꯦꯗ ꯃꯈꯜ: ꯑꯀꯪꯕꯥ ꯊ꯭ꯔꯦꯗ / ꯐꯥꯏꯟ ꯊ꯭ꯔꯦꯗ
ꯊ꯭ꯔꯦꯗ ꯂꯦꯡꯗꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ: ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯐꯥꯕꯥ ꯊ꯭ꯔꯦꯗ / ꯄꯥꯔꯁꯤꯑꯦꯜ ꯊ꯭ꯔꯦꯗ
ꯄꯣꯠꯂꯝ: ꯁ꯭ꯂꯣꯠ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯄꯥꯟ ꯍꯦꯗ ꯁ꯭ꯛꯔꯨꯁꯤꯡ
ꯃꯁꯤꯗꯁꯨ ꯃꯃꯤꯡ ꯊꯣꯅꯈꯤ: ꯄꯥꯟ ꯍꯦꯗ ꯁ꯭ꯂꯣꯠ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯛꯔꯨ
ꯃꯆꯥꯛ: ꯀꯥꯔꯕꯣꯟ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯜ .
ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯄꯔꯇꯤ ꯀ꯭ꯂꯥꯁ: ꯴.꯶/꯴.꯸, ꯵.꯶, ꯵.꯸, ꯶.꯸, ꯸.꯸, ꯹.꯸, ꯱꯰.꯹, ꯱꯲.꯹.
ꯗꯥꯏꯃꯦꯠꯔꯤꯛ: ꯑꯦꯃ꯱.꯶, ꯑꯦꯃ꯲, ꯑꯦꯃ꯲.꯵, ꯑꯦꯃ꯳, (ꯑꯦꯝ.꯳.꯴), ꯑꯦꯝ.꯴, ꯑꯦꯃ꯵, ꯑꯦꯃ꯶, ꯑꯦꯃ꯸, ꯑꯦꯃ꯱꯰꯫
ꯐꯤꯅꯤꯁ: ꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯟ, ꯕ꯭ꯂꯦꯛ ꯑꯣꯛꯁꯥꯏꯗ, ꯖꯤꯉ꯭ꯛ ꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ, ꯍꯣꯠ ꯗꯤꯞꯄꯤꯡ ꯒ꯭ꯌꯥꯂꯚꯥꯅꯥꯏꯖꯗ, ꯑꯣꯛꯁꯤꯖꯦꯟ, ꯗꯥꯛꯔꯣꯃꯦꯠ, ꯐꯣꯁꯐꯦꯇꯤꯡ, ꯀꯦꯗꯃꯤꯌꯝ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯠꯔꯣꯞꯂꯦꯠ, ꯅꯤꯀꯜ ꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ
ꯍꯦꯗ ꯃꯈꯜ: ꯄꯥꯟ ꯍꯦꯗ
ꯗ꯭ꯔꯥꯏꯚ ꯃꯈꯜ: ꯏꯟꯇꯔꯅꯦꯜ ꯁ꯭ꯂꯣꯠ
ꯑꯂꯇꯔꯅꯦꯇꯤꯕ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯗꯔꯗ: ꯑꯦ.ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯑꯦꯝ.ꯏ.ꯕꯤ ꯱꯸.꯶.꯳, ꯑꯦ.ꯑꯦꯟ.ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯑꯥꯏ./ꯑꯦ.ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯑꯦꯝ.ꯏ.ꯕꯤ ꯱꯸.꯶.꯷ꯃꯤ., ꯖꯤ.ꯑꯥꯏ.ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯕꯤ.
ꯑꯦꯝ.ꯑꯣ.ꯀ꯭ꯌꯨ.: ꯱꯰꯰꯰ꯀꯤ.ꯒ꯭ꯔꯥ.
ꯂꯤꯗ ꯇꯥꯏꯝ: ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠ ꯳꯰ꯗꯒꯤ ꯶꯰ ꯐꯥꯑꯣꯕꯥ
ꯄꯣꯠꯊꯣꯛ ꯄꯨꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ .
ꯑꯦ.ꯋꯥꯏ.ꯑꯦ.ꯒꯤ ꯐꯥꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯅꯔꯁ (ꯑꯩꯆ.ꯏ.ꯕꯤ.ꯏ.) ꯀꯣ., ꯂꯤꯃꯤꯇꯦꯗ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯆꯥꯏꯅꯥꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯂꯣꯠ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯄꯦꯟ ꯍꯦꯗ ꯁ꯭ꯛꯔꯨꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯄꯔꯤꯌꯦꯟꯁ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯃꯦꯟꯌꯨꯐꯦꯀꯆꯔꯔꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯞꯂꯥꯏꯌꯔꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯛꯇꯥ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯆꯥꯅꯕꯤꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯐꯦꯛꯇꯔꯤꯗꯒꯤ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯆꯥꯏꯅꯥꯗꯥ ꯁꯥꯕꯥ ꯑꯋꯥꯡꯕꯥ ꯊꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯂꯣꯠ ꯄꯦꯟ ꯍꯦꯗ ꯁ꯭ꯛꯔꯨꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯧꯕꯤꯌꯨ꯫ ꯃꯃꯜ ꯀꯟꯁꯂꯇꯦꯁꯅꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯒꯥ ꯄꯥꯎ ꯐꯥꯑꯣꯅꯕꯤꯌꯨ꯫
ꯀꯁ꯭ꯇꯃꯁ ꯐꯥꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯅꯤꯡ ꯁꯣꯂꯨꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯥꯂꯦꯃꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯁꯞꯂꯥꯏꯌꯔ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ, ꯑꯦ.ꯋꯥꯏ.ꯑꯦ.ꯒꯤ ꯁꯔꯕꯤꯁ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯁꯦꯁ ꯑꯁꯤꯁꯨ ꯑꯥꯌꯥꯒꯤ ꯄꯣꯠꯊꯣꯀꯁꯤꯡꯒꯥ ꯆꯥꯡꯗꯝꯅꯕꯗꯥ ꯀꯁ꯭ꯇꯃꯔꯁꯤꯡꯒꯥ ꯅꯛꯅꯅꯥ ꯂꯩ꯫ ꯁꯔꯚꯤꯁꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯇꯨꯡ ꯏꯟꯅꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯕꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯐꯣꯡꯗꯣꯀꯄꯗꯒꯤ, ꯑꯦ.ꯋꯥꯏ.ꯑꯦ.ꯅꯥ ꯈꯨꯗꯛꯇꯥ ꯀꯁ꯭ꯇꯃꯔꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯀꯄꯥ ꯐꯥꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯅꯤꯡ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯕ꯭ꯂꯦꯝ ꯑꯃꯠꯇꯥ ꯁꯣꯜꯕ ꯇꯧꯕꯗꯥ ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯄꯥꯡꯅꯕꯥ, ꯀꯁ꯭ꯇꯃꯔꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯋꯥꯈꯜ ꯋꯥꯕꯥ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯀꯣꯀꯍꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯍꯣꯠꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯠꯇꯥ ꯌꯥꯑꯣꯗꯅꯥ ꯍꯣꯠꯅꯔꯣꯏ꯫
ꯄꯣꯠꯊꯣꯛ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯃꯌꯦꯛ ꯁꯦꯡꯅꯥ ꯇꯥꯀꯄꯥ
| ꯄꯣꯠꯊꯣꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯃꯤꯡ | ꯁ꯭ꯂꯣꯠ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯄꯥꯟ ꯍꯦꯗ ꯁ꯭ꯛꯔꯨꯁꯤꯡ . |
| ꯃꯗꯨꯁꯨ ꯃꯃꯤꯡ ꯊꯣꯅꯈꯤ | ꯄꯥꯟ ꯍꯦꯗ ꯁ꯭ꯂꯣꯠ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯛꯔꯨ |
| ꯃꯆꯥꯛ | ꯀꯥꯔꯕꯣꯟ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯜ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯦꯟ. |
| ꯊꯥꯛ | ꯑꯥꯏ.ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯑꯣ. |
| ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯄꯔꯇꯤ ꯀ꯭ꯂꯥꯁꯇꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯌꯨ.ꯑꯦꯁ. | 4.6, 5.6, 5.8, 6.8, 8.8, 9.8, 10.9, 12.9 |
| ꯗꯥꯏꯃꯦꯠꯔꯤꯛ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ . | M1.6, M2, M2.5, M3, (M3.4), M4, M5, M6, M8, M10 |
| ꯂꯣꯏꯁꯤꯟꯕ | ꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯟ, ꯕ꯭ꯂꯦꯛ ꯑꯣꯛꯁꯥꯏꯗ, ꯖꯤꯉ꯭ꯛ ꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ, ꯍꯣꯠ ꯗꯤꯞꯄꯤꯡ ꯒ꯭ꯌꯥꯂꯚꯥꯅꯥꯏꯖꯗ, ꯑꯣꯛꯁꯤꯖꯦꯟ, ꯗꯥꯛꯔꯣꯃꯦꯠ, ꯐꯣꯁꯐꯦꯇꯤꯡ, ꯀꯦꯗꯃꯤꯌꯝ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯠꯔꯣꯞꯂꯦꯠ, ꯅꯤꯀꯜ ꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ |
| ꯍꯦꯗ ꯇꯥꯏꯞ ꯴. | ꯄꯥꯟ ꯍꯦꯗ ꯴. |
| ꯗ꯭ꯔꯥꯏꯕ ꯃꯈꯜ ꯑꯁꯤ . | ꯏꯟꯇꯔꯅꯦꯜ ꯁ꯭ꯂꯣꯠ ꯴. |
| ꯊ꯭ꯔꯦꯗ ꯃꯈꯜ | ꯀꯣꯔꯁ ꯊ꯭ꯔꯦꯗ / ꯐꯥꯏꯟ ꯊ꯭ꯔꯦꯗ . |
| ꯊ꯭ꯔꯦꯗ ꯂꯦꯡꯗꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ | ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯐꯥꯕꯥ ꯊ꯭ꯔꯦꯗ / ꯄꯥꯔꯁꯤꯑꯦꯜ ꯊ꯭ꯔꯦꯗ . |
| ꯑꯂꯇꯔꯅꯦꯇꯤꯕ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯗꯔꯗ | ꯑꯦ.ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯑꯦꯝ.ꯏ.ꯕꯤ ꯱꯸.꯶.꯳, ꯑꯦ.ꯑꯦꯟ.ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯑꯥꯏ./ꯑꯦ.ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯑꯦꯝ.ꯏ.ꯕꯤ ꯱꯸.꯶.꯷ꯃꯤ., ꯖꯤ.ꯑꯥꯏ.ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯕꯤ. |
ꯗꯥꯏꯃꯦꯟꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯇꯦꯕꯜ .
| ꯊ꯭ꯔꯦꯗ ꯁꯥꯏꯖ ꯴. d | M1.6 | M2 | M2.5 | M3 | (M3.5) | M4 | M5 | M6 | M8 | M10 | |
| P | ꯍꯨꯟꯅꯕ | 0.35 | 0.4 | 0.45 | 0.5 | 0.6 | 0.7 | 0.8 | 1 | 1.25 | 1.5 |
| a | ꯃꯦꯛꯁ ꯳. | 0.7 | 0.8 | 0.9 | 1 | 1.2 | 1.4 | 1.6 | 2 | 2.5 | 3 |
| dk | ꯃꯦꯛꯁ=ꯅꯣꯃꯤꯅꯦꯜ ꯁꯥꯏꯖ | 3.2 | 4 | 5 | 5.6 | 7 | 8 | 9.5 | 12 | 16 | 20 |
| ꯃꯤꯟ ꯃꯤꯟ . | 2.9 | 3.7 | 4.7 | 5.3 | 6.64 | 7.64 | 9.14 | 11.57 | 15.57 | 19.48 | |
| k | ꯃꯦꯛꯁ=ꯅꯣꯃꯤꯅꯦꯜ ꯁꯥꯏꯖ | 1 | 1.3 | 1.5 | 1.8 | 2.1 | 2.4 | 3 | 3.6 | 4.8 | 6 |
| ꯃꯤꯟ ꯃꯤꯟ . | 0.86 | 1.16 | 1.36 | 1.66 | 1.96 | 2.26 | 2.86 | 3.3 | 4.5 | 5.7 | |
| n | ꯃꯦꯛꯁ ꯳. | 0.6 | 0.7 | 0.8 | 1 | 1.2 | 1.51 | 1.51 | 1.91 | 2.31 | 2.81 |
| ꯃꯤꯟ ꯃꯤꯟ . | 0.46 | 0.56 | 0.66 | 0.86 | 1.06 | 1.26 | 1.26 | 1.66 | 2.06 | 2.56 | |
| t | ꯃꯤꯟ ꯃꯤꯟ . | 0.35 | 0.5 | 0.6 | 0.7 | 0.8 | 1 | 1.2 | 1.4 | 1.9 | 2.4 |
| x | ꯃꯦꯛꯁ ꯳. | 0.9 | 1 | 1.1 | 1.25 | 1.5 | 1.75 | 2 | 2.5 | 3.2 | 3.8 |
| r | ꯔꯦꯐ. | 0.5 | 0.6 | 0.8 | 0.9 | 1 | 1.2 | 1.5 | 1.8 | 2.4 | 3 |
ꯄ꯭ꯔꯗꯛꯇꯀꯤ ꯑꯀꯨꯞꯄꯥ ꯃꯔꯣꯂꯁꯤꯡ
ꯄꯣꯠꯊꯣꯛ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯀꯥꯟꯅꯕꯥ .
ꯁ꯭ꯂꯣꯠ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯄꯥꯟ ꯍꯦꯗ ꯁ꯭ꯛꯔꯨꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯀꯥꯟꯅꯕꯁꯤꯡ
1. ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯖꯦꯛꯇꯀꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯍꯦꯟꯗ-ꯗ꯭ꯔꯥꯏꯚꯟ ꯇꯨꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯂꯣꯠ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯛꯔꯨꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯒꯅꯤ꯫
2. ꯄꯥꯟ ꯍꯦꯗ ꯁ꯭ꯛꯔꯨꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯆꯧꯕꯥ ꯃꯦꯇꯤꯡ ꯁꯔꯐꯦꯁ ꯑꯦꯔꯤꯌꯥ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯂꯩ꯫
꯳.ꯈꯔꯥ ꯗꯣꯝ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯐ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯐꯥꯏꯜ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯟ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯗꯦꯀꯣꯔꯦꯇꯦꯗ ꯑꯦꯞꯂꯤꯀꯦꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯀ꯭ꯕꯥꯂꯤꯇꯤ ꯐꯤꯅꯤꯁ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯁꯣꯏꯗꯅꯥ ꯐꯪꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯛꯔꯨ ꯍꯦꯗ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯂꯧꯕꯒꯤ ꯄꯣꯇꯦꯟꯁꯤꯑꯦꯜ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯍꯟꯊꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫
4. ꯁ꯭ꯛꯔꯨꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯑꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯇꯤꯛ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯦꯐꯇꯤꯒꯤ ꯄꯥꯟꯗꯃꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯈꯔꯥ ꯄꯣꯏꯟꯇ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯖ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯂꯩ꯫
꯵.ꯑꯌꯥ ꯐꯥꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯅꯔꯁꯤꯡꯗꯒꯤ ꯃꯦꯁꯤꯟ ꯁ꯭ꯛꯔꯨꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯃꯒꯨꯟ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯐꯤꯅꯤꯁ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯂꯩ, ꯃꯗꯨ ꯐꯖꯅꯥ ꯂꯣꯏꯁꯤꯅꯗꯦ꯫
꯶.ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯀꯝꯄꯦꯅꯤ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯑꯗꯣꯃꯒꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯛꯔꯨꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯊꯦꯡꯊꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯠꯇꯥ ꯌꯥꯑꯣꯗꯅꯥ ꯌꯧꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯉꯃꯒꯅꯤ꯫
ꯀ꯭ꯕꯥꯂꯤꯇꯤ ꯏꯟꯁꯄꯦꯛꯁꯟ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ
ꯄꯦꯀꯦꯖꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯟꯇꯦꯅꯔ ꯂꯣꯗꯤꯡ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ
ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕꯒꯤ ꯁꯤꯅꯥꯔꯤꯑꯣꯁꯤꯡ .
ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯑꯌꯥ ꯈꯅꯕꯒꯦ?
ꯍꯠ ꯇꯦꯒꯁ: ꯁ꯭ꯂꯣꯠ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯄꯥꯟ ꯍꯦꯗ ꯁ꯭ꯛꯔꯨꯁꯤꯡ, ꯆꯥꯏꯅꯥ, ꯁꯞꯂꯥꯏꯌꯔꯁꯤꯡ, ꯃꯦꯟꯌꯨꯐꯦꯀꯆꯔꯔꯁꯤꯡ, ꯐꯦꯛꯇꯔꯤ, ꯌꯣꯅꯕꯥ, ꯃꯃꯜ, ꯌꯣꯅꯕꯥ, ꯆꯥꯏꯅꯥꯗꯥ ꯁꯥꯕꯥ
